2010年1月16日 星期六
'How To Dance Like Michael Jackson' [Moonwalk Billie Jean Thriller Beat It This Is It] - Corey Vidal
2010年1月15日 星期五
形容詞的順序-3
Here is a guideline for using 2 or more adjectives in a sentence.
The adjectives must agree with the noun grammatically.
hat box, sleeping bag, computer table,safe island, football field. (The words in green are the purpose/qualifer words.)
http://www.english-the-easy-way.com/Adjectives/Adjectives_Order.htm
In most cases the adjective is placed before the noun.
There is an order that is used when using more then 2 adjectives together. The order in some cases can be changed, but it is a good guidlines for ESL and EFL students that are learning English.
It is not common to used more then 3 adjectives together, but it is possible and can be grammatically correct.
When there are 2 or more adjectives that are from the same group* "and" is placed between the 2 adjectives.
When there are 3 or more adjectives from the same adjective group, then a comma is placed between the are from the same group.*. A comma is not placed between an adjective and a noun.
When an article is used such as "a", "an" or "the" the articles are placed before the adverb. The article must agree with the noun grammatically.
*The 9 different adjective groups are listed below.
The order of the adjectives is as followed:
- Determiner - a, an, her, five, many, much several etc.
- Opinion - pretty, ugly, smart, cheap, etc.
- Size - big, fat, thin, tall, large, small etc.
- Shape - circle, square, tall, short etc.
- Age - old, young 10 years, a year, a week, new etc.
- Color - yellow, green, pink etc.
- Origin - American, English, Asian, Middle Eastern, African, European, Chinese etc.
- Material - cotton, wood, plastic, cloth, glass, gold etc.
- Purpose/Qualifier -
Examples:
The big black dog ate my food.
I like that pretty green sofa.
I want to go to a big, quit, safe.
We sleep in a small, pink and green room.形容詞的順序-2
In English, it is common to use more than one adjective before a noun -- for example, "He's a silly young fool," or "she's a smart, energetic woman." When you use more than one adjective, you have to put them in the right order, according to type. This page will explain the different types of adjectives and the correct order for them.
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The basic types of adjectives
Opinion An opinion adjective explains what you think about something (other people may not agree with you). Examples:
silly, beautiful, horrible, difficult
Size A size adjective, of course, tells you how big or small something is. Examples:
large, tiny, enormous, little
Age An age adjective tells you how young or old something or someone is. Examples:
ancient, new, young, old
Shape A shape adjective describes the shape of something. Examples:
square, round, flat, rectangular
Colour A colour adjective, of course, describes the colour of something. Examples:
blue, pink, reddish, grey
Origin An origin adjective describes where something comes from. Examples:
French, lunar, American, eastern, Greek
Material A material adjective describes what something is made from. Examples:
wooden, metal, cotton, paper
Purpose A purpose adjective describes what something is used for. These adjectives often end with "-ing". Examples:
sleeping (as in "sleeping bag"), roasting (as in "roasting tin")
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/adjord.htm
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The basic types of adjectives
Opinion An opinion adjective explains what you think about something (other people may not agree with you). Examples:
silly, beautiful, horrible, difficult
Size A size adjective, of course, tells you how big or small something is. Examples:
large, tiny, enormous, little
Age An age adjective tells you how young or old something or someone is. Examples:
ancient, new, young, old
Shape A shape adjective describes the shape of something. Examples:
square, round, flat, rectangular
Colour A colour adjective, of course, describes the colour of something. Examples:
blue, pink, reddish, grey
Origin An origin adjective describes where something comes from. Examples:
French, lunar, American, eastern, Greek
Material A material adjective describes what something is made from. Examples:
wooden, metal, cotton, paper
Purpose A purpose adjective describes what something is used for. These adjectives often end with "-ing". Examples:
sleeping (as in "sleeping bag"), roasting (as in "roasting tin")
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/adjord.htm
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形容詞的順序-1
Adjectives cannot be written in any order. There are rules, so you should use the following order:
Determiner or article
1.Determiners e.g. this, that, these, those, my, mine, your, yours, him, his, her, hers, they, their, Sam's ; or
Articles - a, an, the
2.Opinion adjective
e.g. polite, fun, cute, difficult, hard-working
3.Size, including adjectives, comparatives and superlatives
4.Shape
e.g. circular, oval, triangular, square, 5-sided, hexagonal, irregular
5.Age
e.g. new, young, adolescent, teenage, middle-aged, old, ancient
6.Colour
e.g. red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, white, grey, black, black and white, light blue, dark red, pale blue, reddish brown, off-white, bright green, warm yellow
7.Nationality
e.g. Hong Kong, Chinese, English, American, Canadian, Japanese
8.Religion
e.g. Buddhist, Taoist, Christian, Moslem, pagan, atheist
9.Material
e.g. wood, plastic, metal, ceramic, paper, silk
10.Noun used as an adjective
e.g. campus (as in 'campus activities')
11The noun that the adjectives are describing.
Sentence structure:
Together the article or determiner, adjective(s) and noun(s) make a 'noun phrase'. Noun phrases can also have adverbs describing the adjectives; e.g. nearly circular; and can also have relative clauses, although these are not discussed on this page.
Style:
Although it is possible to write a sentence that uses all the categories; e.g. 'my beautiful, long, curving, new, pink, western, Christian, silk wedding dress', it is bad style as it is too long. Try to use less than five adjectives in a single list. Therefore you could say "Have you seen my beautiful new cream silk wedding dress? It's long and curving, and is in western Christian style."
How to remember the order
You can use the 'Roman room' memorisation technique. This involves remembering a place that you know well, such as your home, and imagining walking through it, looking at things.
Articles - a, an, the
e.g. polite, fun, cute, difficult, hard-working
- height; e.g. tall, short, high, low; taller, tallest
- width; e.g. wide, narrow, thin, slim; wider, widest
- length; e.g. long, short; longer, longest
- volume; e.g. fat, huge; fatter, fattest
e.g. circular, oval, triangular, square, 5-sided, hexagonal, irregular
e.g. new, young, adolescent, teenage, middle-aged, old, ancient
e.g. red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, white, grey, black, black and white, light blue, dark red, pale blue, reddish brown, off-white, bright green, warm yellow
e.g. Hong Kong, Chinese, English, American, Canadian, Japanese
e.g. Buddhist, Taoist, Christian, Moslem, pagan, atheist
e.g. wood, plastic, metal, ceramic, paper, silk
e.g. campus (as in 'campus activities')
Sentence structure:
- Imagine that you arrive at the door of your home. On the door is the letter 'A', and you are greeted by someone who lives there. This helps you to remember the article 'A' or the determiner(s); e.g. my Mother's.
- Imagine that you are happy to see each other. This helps you to remember the opinion adjective.
- Imagine the size of your home: is it big, small, or long? This helps you to remember the size adjectives.
- Imagine that you go into your home and you see an object. Remember the shape of the object.
- Now imagine that you walk around your home; e.g. towards your room. Think of another object further from the door. Think of the age of that object; e.g. new or old.
- Move on to another object, this time a colourful one. Remember what colour it is.
- Move on to another object. This object should remind you of a foreign place; e.g. a picture of somewhere in China, or a souvenir from a holiday abroad. This is to help you remember nationality.
- Next imagine moving to another object, this time a religious one. Maybe you have a place for worshipping your ancestors, or a statue of Buddha.
- Next move to another object. This should be special because it is made of one material; e.g. a crystal ornament or a wooden statue.
- Finally move to a place where there is an object that is described with 2 words, and the first is a noun; e.g. a book shelf. Imagine that this is the end of your journey around your flat
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because, as, since or for
| Word | Explanation | Example |
|---|---|---|
| because | The reason is very important in the sentence, so because comes in the sencond clause of the sentence. | I read this book because I like it. |
| as | The reason is already known. | As we read, we learn. |
| since | The reason is already known. (more formal than as) | Since we were in the computer lab, our English has improved. |
| for | The reason is given at the end of the sentence. | We went to a small restaurant - for we were hungry. |
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/words/because_as_since_for.htm